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COS Study - Results

3123 breast cancer patients under 40 were enrolled in the study. Preliminary analyses were carried out on 1342 breast cancer cases comparing 350 patients with high (=50%) and, 992 with low (<5%) probability of carrying a BRCA mutation.

Cruciferous vegetables came out significantly more protective in women with BRCA mutation (OR: 0.58 ,CI 0.35- 0.9 for the 4^th quartile (above 18.8 g/day) with respect to the 1st quartile (up to 3.8 g /day) ). There was no interaction with the intake of potatoes, legumes, tomatoes, other fruiting vegetables, root and leafy and other vegetables, total fruit and nuts and seeds. A positive interaction OR was found for milk: OR =1,76 (CI 1.06-2.93) for the upper quartile of consumption (above 229.4 g/day, equivalent to about one medium size glass per day) and for all milk based products (OR =1.69 (CI 1.04-2.72) for the highest versus the lowest quintile). The interaction was stronger in women with a BMI ≥ 25. There was no interaction with other dairy products, suggesting that the relevant milk factor lies in its whey protein fraction. There was no interaction with meats, eggs, and no clear interaction with cereal products. No interaction with soft drinks and fruit juices, nor with wine and beer. Among non dietary exposures, we found a significant interaction with oral contraceptive, especially if started before the age of 20, with age at first pregnancy, and with long delay before regularization of menses after menarche. A non significant positive association was found with number of pregnancies, a history of diabetes, of polycystic ovary or ovarian cysts, with short cycles, with body height, with strenuous physical activity, and with obesity at diagnosis. The association with obesity became more clear when adjusted for the consumption of milk based foods (OR = 2.02, CI 0.81-5.07). There was no interaction with tobacco smoking and environmental tobacco smoking.

Last Update: March, 4^th 2008

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